When an emergency occurs, the most important thing is timely notification of people whose lives and health are at risk. In such situations, all responsibility falls on the warning systems available in service. Their use allows not only to warn people in advance about danger, but also to catch the first signs of an emergency.
The activation of warning systems operating in automatic mode allows evacuation to begin on time, which significantly reduces the number of victims in emergencies. Signals must have maximum coverage of the territory, regardless of their location: city, village or remote areas. In addition, the notification should reach every citizen, no matter where he is at the moment.
Communication and warning systems in civil defense
For this purpose, a specialized organization of warning communication management is used in the civil defense system, and they also have their own specific clear classification and method of operation.
Currently, the following have been created and are operating in the Russian Federation:
- Federal warning system;
- regional warning systems;
- territorial warning systems;
- local warning systems;
- local warning systems;
- object warning systems (organization warning systems).
Warning the population via radio channels
Federal regional and territorial level
Notification using the federal system occurs centrally and automatically. It ensures the transmission of all incoming signals from the points of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation to centers located in the regions, as well as to all bodies and formations that are subordinate to the federal center.
Regional systems, having received a signal from the federal point, transmit it to all civil defense and civil defense and emergency situations departments subordinate to the regional center. Their work must coincide with the activities of the federal system. An alert can cover up to 7 regions.
In total, 88 territorial systems are used on the territory of Russia to ensure timely notification of the competent authorities of cities, villages and other populated areas. They all operate automatically.
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Prefabricated evacuation point
The purpose and actions of the population and
Their main task is to clearly transmit messages received from civil defense bodies of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to:
- heads of all organizations that are responsible for civil defense in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including federal cities;
- dispatchers of rapid response services located at sites with potential danger, as well as at particularly large production facilities;
- population;
- civil defense management bodies located on the territory of a certain city and its related districts.
The P-160 technical equipment complex serves as the basis on which all existing warning systems operate.
It is in a fairly efficient state, but the principles of communication transmission involved in it are outdated and require updating.
Local
They are necessary for transmitting signals and messages coming from civil defense authorities of the city and adjacent areas to the following objects:
- on-duty employees of dispatch services of potentially hazardous facilities and large enterprises of economic value;
- leadership of city and rural civil defense;
- to the population.
Such warning systems are conventionally divided into means that transmit signals to officials, work collectives and residents of populated areas. They operate mainly on the basis of the CTS (complex of technical means) P-164. CTS of this type were primarily intended for warning in major emergency situations. They are poorly adapted for peacetime.
For type P-164, a service life of 12 years is provided, after which they are subject to write-off. However, many currently operating local CTS have already exceeded this period, which suggests that the equipment is outdated. This causes a number of limitations when interacting with modern notification tools.
The Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Their Consequences began the introduction of new P-166 type CTS after successful tests. Their main advantage is that the activities of P-166 are associated with the outdated type P-160, which implies their gradual replacement.
This system involves both centralized notification of the entire population, and it is possible to select a specific zone without affecting the entire territory. It works thanks to special dedicated HF (voice frequency) channels. In order to use digital channels, special equipment is required.
Another warning system similar in function and purpose is the ASO (automated warning system). It also works on PM channels. It has a modem for transmitting information via digital lines of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, GTS or MGTS networks.
Local civil defense and emergency situations
In areas where potentially dangerous objects are located or are expected to be located, local public warning systems are created. Ensuring their technical serviceability and maintaining their readiness for sudden deployment in emergencies is the responsibility of the relevant civil defense chief. He has the right to involve all communication and warning services.
The zones within which local systems operate are determined by the relevant document of the Government of the Russian Federation. Local warning systems are included in the territorial civil defense systems, and for coordinated work it is necessary that they technically and programmatically correlate with them.
It is important to know in what cases an alert is triggered on the following objects:
- Major man-made accidents with the threat of the release of toxic chemicals into the environment. They can lead to significant destruction, environmental disaster, human casualties, and loss of livestock.
- The threat of an enemy attack, expressed in its direct invasion, dropping bombs, or the use of prohibited weapons (nuclear, chemical, bacteriological).
- Natural disasters that pose a threat to populated areas and industrial enterprises. These could be tremors, avalanches, rapidly spreading forest fires, landslides, or floods.
Their main task is to quickly communicate information about an emergency situation to the population, managers and employees of enterprises. Notifying them about further actions and places of nearest shelters (if shelter is necessary).
EMERCOM specialists believe that this multi-level method of transmitting information is more effective due to the fact that the notification from the central office of the Civil Defense will reach the regional duty station in advance and this will help prevent a possible threat.
Object
(Operating within the organization)
In cases where the consequences of an emergency situation are limited only to the territory of the object itself, the object warning system is launched. It uses the existing production communication network at the facility and special equipment based on the P-164 type CTS to transmit the signal.
The purpose of such warning systems is to bring information to the attention of management positions, personnel, as well as civil defense services operating at a given facility.
The object system is currently being improved. SGS-22M is being introduced, which makes it possible to immediately design both LSO (local warning systems) and carry out soundification of open and closed premises of the facility. It is suitable for transmitting warning signals and voice messages. At the same time, site warning systems can be used unilaterally in the local broadcast system.
It is possible to control existing operating modes of this system remotely. This happens with the help of a local system operating on the basis of the ASO GS. It can automatically transmit any voice messages via telephone channels to all subscribers in the database. They are successfully used in their work by operational services.
They have pre-recorded text messages in their database. Moreover, there is the possibility of choosing a male or female voice, as well as changing the timbre of the voice and the tempo of speech. The program stores pre-prepared lists of people who will need to be notified in the event of a particular emergency.
Emergency alert
For notification the following are used:
- Local sound warning systems for civil defense about the occurrence of emergencies, available in populated areas, as well as on the territory, in the areas where VET of the nuclear, chemical industry, transport, hydraulic structures of the energy industry are located.
- Installations for sound and voice warning, evacuation management of enterprises and organizations, interlocked with local civil defense warning systems.
- Mobile civil defense warning stations, vehicles with loud-speaking devices of operational services of law enforcement agencies - the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
- Central, local TV channels, radio stations, through which messages about ongoing events and necessary urgent actions will be transmitted.
It is worth clarifying how and why emergency warning systems are created at VET, which can be divided into 2 groups:
- An emergency situation that results in contamination with radioactive materials, exposure to poisoning, damage by toxic chemically active substances, a significant area around an industrial enterprise, a transport infrastructure facility, or the area being flooded as a result of an accident at a hydraulic structure.
- An emergency as a result of a serious accident, equipment failure, disruption of the technological process, when there is no danger to the population in the adjacent territory, but emergency measures are necessary to evacuate workers and on-duty personnel not involved in eliminating the consequences of the emergency.
In such cases, LSOs solve the following tasks:
- Notifying the facility personnel, the population living in the adjacent territory, which may be affected by dangerous factors of the accident.
- Notification of the regional civil defense headquarters, facility management, enterprises, organizations located in the area of possible contamination, threat of poisoning, flooding.
It should be said that, according to specialists from the Ministry of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense, the work on creating small arms and light weapons at most VETs currently does not meet the requirements of numerous regulations issued by government bodies and various departments concerning this problem. According to some information, no more than 10% of small arms and light weapons facilities fully comply with the standards.
First of all, this is due to the reluctance of enterprise management to incur additional material costs associated with the design, installation, and maintenance of warning systems, especially those designed in the event of a hypothetical “nuclear war,” as well as the little-supported firm confidence that at their facilities there can be no accidents.
At the same time, a properly designed, competently installed, regularly maintained LSO of an object can also be used both for transmitting messages, announcements, broadcasting radio programs in various warning zones, and for managing production and technological processes, which makes its creation not only forced, but also necessary event, but also a technical operational management system that is beneficial to the enterprise.
Alert management in the civil defense system
System management - dispatcher
In order to provide timely warning of the impending danger to all necessary officials, as well as the population of the country, centralized warning systems (CWS) were created, which are equipped with all civil defense management departments.
They can be controlled directly by the duty service from the appropriate level of government or by decision directly from the head of the civil defense and in agreement with the local administration through the duty department of the communications enterprise that operates in the area.
In order to transmit information to the monitoring station of a local facility, a radio network, telephone center, and external sirens are used. This function is assigned to dispatch services.
What to do if notifications in VK do not work on Samsung and other Android phones
Notifications do not arrive on Apple Watch and iPhone
By now, the Android operating system is installed on many different smartphones: Samsung, Honor, Huawei, Redmi, Xiaomi and many others. In general, the interface of these devices is very similar, and therefore the algorithm of operation is approximately the same.
Android phones
How to enable notifications in VK on Android? There are several ways:
- Enabling and setting up alerts on your smartphone.
- Enable and configure notifications in the application.
- VK version update.
- Reinstalling the application.
- Installing an alternative application.
- Remove an app that blocks notifications.
- Disable Activity Control.
- Disable Do Not Disturb mode.
How to choose the right method? Try each of them in order, since it can be difficult to immediately understand what the problem is.
Enabling and setting up notifications on your smartphone
If you do not receive VK notifications on Android, you need to check the settings in the smartphone itself:
- Go to “Settings” on your smartphone.
- Open the “Application Manager” or “Applications” – “All Applications” section.
- A list of all applications installed on the phone will open - select “VKontakte” or “VK”.
- Click on “Notifications”: all options for receiving notifications are listed here.
- It is necessary to move the sliders opposite the required lines to the active position: “Sounds and notifications” – “Notifications on the screen” – “Show content” or “Hide content”. In the first case, the person who sent the message and text will be displayed on the screen, and in the second - “New VK message”.
Notifications for VKontakte in settings
Note! Depending on the version of the Android operating system, the names of items in the settings may differ slightly.
Enable and configure in-app notifications
If everything is turned on in the settings of the smartphone itself, but VKontakte notifications on Android do not work, you need to explore the options in the mobile application:
- Open VKontakte.
- Open the main menu - three bars located in the lower right corner.
- Go to “Settings” - the “gear” icon is at the top of the list.
- Select the “Feedback” or “Notifications” section – “Show displays”.
- In the same section, you can configure alerts for individual items: show all notifications or only for private messages, etc.
Enable notifications in VKontakte settings
Note! If all tabs in the settings are enabled, but no messages are received, the problem may be that push notifications are disabled. They must be active.
Updating the VK version
Another option is to update the version of the mobile application. To do this you need:
- Open "Play Market".
- Click the three bars in the upper left corner of the screen - the main menu tab will open.
- Select the “My applications and games” section.
- A list of all applications installed on the smartphone will open.
- Select and open “VKontakte”.
- If there is an update for the application, then on the page that opens there will be a green “Update” button.
- Click on it and wait for the download and installation to complete.
If the problems were hidden in the version of the mobile application, then notifications will be turned on automatically and will come again.
Update VKontakte
Reinstalling the application
Also, to solve the problem, you can reinstall VKontakte - delete and install again. To do this you need:
- Open “Settings” on your smartphone, select “Applications” or “Application Manager”.
- In the list that opens, find “VKontakte” and go to this tab.
- Click the “Delete” button.
- Wait for the removal to complete.
- Launch Play Market.
- Write “VKontakte” in the search bar, then click the green “Install” button.
- Wait for the download and installation to complete, log into the mobile application, enter your username and password.
As a result, all settings on VKontakte will be reset and reinstalled. Notifications will also be turned on.
Installing an alternative application
Not all users are happy with the VKontakte application. For this purpose, an alternative was recently created - Kate Mobile, which takes more into account the preferences of Android phone owners. You can install it instead of VKontakte, then notifications will be turned on automatically.
Install Kate Mobile
You can download Kate Mobile absolutely free:
- Launch Play Market or download via browser.
- Write “Kate Mobile” in the search bar and click the green “Install” button.
- Wait for the download and installation to complete, log into the mobile application, enter your username and password.
The user will now receive notifications.
Remove an app that blocks notifications
Another reason that prevents you from receiving notifications is the influence of another application. Often these are various extensions for optimizing the device and cleaning it from “garbage”, for example, Clean Master. They put VKontakte into the background in order to save battery.
Uninstalling an application is very simple:
- Open “Settings” on your smartphone, select “Applications” or “Application Manager”.
- In the list that opens, find “Clean Master” or other similar software, go to this tab.
- Click the “Delete” button.
- Wait for the removal to complete.
Notifications should now resume.
Remove Clean Master
Important! The operation of the Clean Master application must be configured, including choosing those extensions that can and cannot be optimized. This way you can save both Clean Master and VKontakte.
Disable Activity Control
This function allows you to control the time you use the application. Very often a person does not notice how much time he spends surfing the Internet. This extension can automatically block applications, including VKontakte, after a certain time.
You can check whether this feature is enabled as follows:
- Open "Settings".
- Select the "Power and Performance" section.
- Go to “Activity Control”.
- Find the VKontakte application, see what mode is installed - it should be “No restrictions”.
Activity control
Note! Experts recommend intentionally turning on the Activity Control function. This will help you use your time more productively. The option can also be used as parental control.
Turn off Do Not Disturb mode
Alerts may also be blocked due to Do Not Disturb being turned on. You can check if it is enabled as follows:
- Launch "Settings".
- Select the “Sound and notifications” section.
- See what position the slider next to “Do Not Disturb” is in: activated or not.
If the mode is enabled, you need to disable it by moving the slider to the inactive position.
What does the communication system of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations include?
In recent years, telecommunication technologies that meet international quality standards have been actively introduced into the Russian communication system and successfully used.
These are ATM technologies, cellular radio communications and GSM communications, satellite, digital and paging systems, individual means of modern mobile communications. Innovations also affected transport technologies. Previously, they operated on the basis of a plesiochronous (PDH) digital signal transmission hierarchy, but now a synchronous (SDH) one is used.
The introduction of new technologies has provided the organizations of RSChS, EDSS, civil defense forces, PGS of the Russian Federation with high-quality, uninterrupted and fast communication, which is used by specialists of the relevant departments, both when performing routine tasks, and in the event of the occurrence and elimination of natural disasters and major emergencies.
The concept for improving the existing communication system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation was enshrined in Order No. 609 of December 9, 2000. Thanks to it, it began to be actively implemented.
The ban on VKontakte and Odnoklassniki will not affect the DPR and LPR
Poroshenko’s decree will not affect the territories of the self-proclaimed republics in any way. One of the most advanced and equipped ministries in Donetsk is the Ministry of Communications with the young minister Viktor Yatsenko. By the way, he is not local - he was one of the organizers of the Anti-Maidan in 2013 in Kherson.
All the activities of his ministry are aimed at the maximum gap with the Ukrainian information and any other field. The work of the local mobile operator “Phoenix” has been launched on the equipment taken from the national Ukrainian operator, to which they promise, but have not yet established it, to attach modern mobile Internet.
Technical regulations and a regulatory framework for disabling “enemy” sites have been built, the list of which is constantly updated. For example, in the LPR, the corresponding order to providers included a list of 113 such Ukrainian sites when published in 2015.
Work is also underway to establish Internet flows through Russia. This work finally took shape with the introduction of an “external state administration” in the Donetsk office, belonging to the structures of Rinat Akhmetov. After this, almost 200 thousand users of Donetsk were disconnected from the Internet and long-distance mobile communications. Then, within two weeks, specialists from the Ministry of Communications of the DPR were able to reconfigure the network and reconnect users, but through Russia.
Therefore, now in Donetsk and Mariupol, providers in some places have similar names, but in fact they operate in completely different technical and legal jurisdictions. Therefore, the new Ukrainian anti-Russian sanctions will not have any consequences for Donetsk and Lugansk.
It must be said that Russian social networks and postal services are now working calmly in Mariupol and Kramatorsk, as the MK correspondent was personally convinced of. And they will work for a long time. Ukraine simply did not yet have developed technical algorithms and a legal framework for closing “harmful” sites to consumers. Unlike the same China, Russia and Turkey.
Developing such a database could take the rest of the year, and this task is more complicated than what was solved when Russian television channels were turned off, which were simply removed from the broadcast network of cable providers. But even in this case, everything did not happen at lightning speed - the operators were given a period of a couple of months to carry out the regulator’s commands.
Much more is now being discussed in Ukrainian business circles about the ban on the use of, for example, the 1C accounting program, which, without exaggeration, is used by 80% of local medium and small businesses on both sides of the confrontation line. During the war, the Kyiv offices of this and other business programs established uninterrupted service to companies in Donetsk and Lugansk. I personally saw licensed Russian accounting programs from Kyiv at work in offices in Donetsk, adapted to the DPR tax base and updated to accommodate its changes every two months.
By and large, at the local level, the new sanctions decree will create a new ditch between the self-proclaimed republics and Ukraine.
There is another unpleasant consequence for Ukraine. After Poroshenko imposed sanctions on Russian payment systems, and Russia responded by cutting off money transfers to Ukraine through international payment systems, Yandex.Money remained the only channel for transferring funds. Now it will be blocked too.
Activation and operation
If an emergency occurs, it only takes a couple of minutes to get the systems ready. This applies to the entire territory that is under threat.
To prevent panic among residents of those settlements that do not fall into the risk zone, the system must have the technical ability to transmit messages in a localized manner.
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Protective structures of civil defense
Activation can occur manually or automatically. This depends not only on the serviceability of the warning system, but also on its ability to reliably transmit in an emergency situation, including natural phenomena (rain, heavy snow, squally winds).
The warning system broadcasts either pre-recorded text, or the necessary information is pronounced by the duty dispatcher. A delay in the start of the notification is allowed. However, it should not exceed the time calculated based on the time of occurrence of the critically dangerous consequences of the emergency.
In the absence of alarming news, installed public address systems can be used to broadcast music, announcements or other general messages.
For optimal functioning of warning systems and effective public response, the following requirements must be met:
- It is prohibited to start broadcasting alarm signals without a valid reason and permission from superiors.
- When functioning, they should not have a negative impact on other systems responsible for life support at this facility
- Adhere to the maximum notification time of 5 minutes.
- All possible means of duplicating messages should be considered, including mobile means.
First, an electric siren is turned on to attract people's attention. Its sound indicates the signal “Attention everyone!” Then the transmission of a text or voice message begins on all radio and television channels.
Warning systems are subject to annual preventive activation to check their functioning. In such cases, the population and personnel of the enterprise are notified about this in advance.
VKontakte notifications do not arrive on Android: possible reasons
Typically, notifications are turned on by default on your phone. You can set up notifications from VK yourself by selecting the categories that are necessary:
- private messages;
- publishing new materials in groups;
- publication of new materials on the pages of other users on the “Friends” lists;
- applications from new users;
- Like notifications when other users rate photos or wall posts.
VKontakte notification settings
Now on VKontakte you can also transfer funds, give gifts, buy extensions, for example, for music - VK BOOM. The user will also receive a corresponding SMS about this.
But sometimes, due to some errors, VKontakte notifications on Android do not arrive. There may be several reasons for this:
- Incorrect settings of the mobile application itself.
- Some functions are disabled in the smartphone settings on the Android operating system.
- The VK version is very outdated and needs updating.
- Notifications are blocked by the antivirus program installed on the mobile phone.
- There is no Internet on the phone or the connection appears intermittently.
If notifications disappear on Android, you need to determine the reason and eliminate it.
